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King
Hsinbyushin of Burma sent two armies to attack Ayutthaya from two directions,
via the northern route to the mouth of the Prasop River and via the
southern route to the Thung Phu Koa Thong (Golden Mountain field). He
also had all the supply routes cut off with the aim of destroying the
kingdom completely so that it could no longer afford to help the Burmese
vassal states. One military hero that emerged was Phraya Tak. He was originally a commoner of Chinese descent but because of his intellectual ability and expertise in law, he was accepted into government service. He worked so well for the benefit of the country that the king appointed him governor of Tak, with the title of Phraya Taksin. Upon learning of the Burmese attack on the capital, Phraya Tak rushed to help defend it. He was ordered to lead a division to fight the Burmese near Wat Pa Kaew, or Wat Yai. He defended the capital to the best of his ability and became known as one of the greatest warriors. Though Phraya Tak fought valiantly, he could not repel the Burmese army. He was only able to prevent them from entering the capital. What made the situation worse was the desertion of army captains and commanders guarding the city. Chaos ruled everywhere and Phraya Tak became discouraged by the court weaknesses. The Burmese besieged Ayutthaya for about two years. Phraya Tak, who made a stand at Wat Phichai camp, outside the city wall, realized that the city would soon be lost. Moreover, his army suffered greatly from a shortage of food and the Burmese outnumbered his men. If he went on fighting, he would lead them to death for no good reason. The future king then decided to lead his troops, together with those who came for his protection, about 500 Thai and Chinese, and fought his way through the enemy line at Wat Phichai on Saturday, January, 1767. He headed for towns on the eastern coast, which were free of Burmese influence, and which were centers of communication with other major provinces in the kingdom, using them as bases for assembling men and weapons to liberate the country. Soon after Phraya Tak broke through the enemy line with his troops. Ayutthaya was taken by the Burmese on April 7, 1767. That day the capital was engulfed in smoke and flame, with thunderous roars as if the earth was falling apart. King Hsibyushin of Burma wanted to completely destroy the Kingdom of Ayutthaya so orders were issued to burn the whole city, all the palaces as well as the temples, pagodas, Buddha images and the city wall, and to take the king together with everyone in the royal family, and all the treasures to Burma. Ayutthaya was reduced to ruins. Phraya Tak, who was in Rayong at the time, summoned officials and townspeople for a meeting and announced his firm determination to cherish and uphold Buddhism, liberate the country, and restoring the kingdom to its former glory. All the officers and men who heard the declaration unanimously asked Phraya Tak to be their leader and called him Chao Tak. He then led his troops, consisting of Thai and Chinese, to coastal towns in the east, waiting for an opportune moment to liberate the country. |
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Thon
Buri at that time was the right size for King Taksin. Located in the
middle of a mud plain, the city was easy to defend and its proximity
to sea made it feasible to escape to coastal town in the east in an
emergency. Moreover, the city was near Ayutthaya, making it convenient
to guard the old capital against the influence of other factions. With
these strategic considerations, Thon Buri was established as the new
capital called Krung Thon Buri Si Mahasamut, or Thon Buri the Glory
of the Ocean. The king also had a palace built on the west bank of the
Chao Phraya in the vicinity of the Wichaiprasit Fort. |
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King Taksin the Great considered the defense of the country his main mission in life. He devoted all his time to the unification of the kingdom and the defense of the land. Unification
of the Kingdom King Taksin planned to subdue the heads of these major factions to unify the country and restore stability to the kingdom as in Ayutthaya times. Campaigns to unify the country started after the king was crowned in 1768. Defense
of Border Towns King Taksin often had to wage war to defend border towns and in all fought eight battles with the Burmese. With his ingenious strategy and military prowess, he emerged victorious every time. In 1767 he attacked the Burmese camps at Pho Sam Ton district and successfully freed the country from Burmese domination. In the same year a battle was fought at Bang Kung in Samut Songkhram Province ; the king led his troops in a fierce fight with the Burmese, who had to retreat by way of Tavoy. He seized all their provisions, boats and weapons. In 1774 he was able to capture Chiang Mai and rid the north of Burmese influence. Thus, Thai territory was, therefore, extended to include the whole of Lanna with the exception of Chiang Saen. Expansion
of the Kingdom The
Thai Kingdom in the Thon Buri Period Throughout
his reign, King Taksin carried out his policy of extending the kingdom
of Thon Buri far and wide: In the south, including Sai Buri and Trengganu In the east, Including Cambodia adjoining South Vietnam In the northeast, including Vientiane, Phuan, Luang Phrabang, and Hua Phan Ha Thang Hok In the southeast, including Phutthaimat In the west, as far as Mergui and Tenasserim leading to the Indian Ocean
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